In the pre-independence era, education was not to educate the natives, but rather more for the interests of the colonial invaders. In this section, the spirit of Indonesian-ness was so strong as part of building self-identity as an independent nation. Therefore, it is not excessive if the minister's instructions at that time were related to efforts to pump up the spirit of struggle by requiring schools to fly the red and white flag every day in the school yard, sing the song Indonesia Raya, and eliminate the Japanese song Kimigayo.